Our Research Foundation

National Sexual Violence Resource Center

NSVRC

Authoritative organization providing comprehensive data on domestic violence patterns, teen dating violence statistics, and prevention resources. Core source for sexual violence and teen dating abuse data.

Teen Dating Violence Prevention

Centers for Disease Control

Government health agency providing peer-reviewed research on teen dating violence prevalence. Official statistics: 1 in 11 female teens, 1 in 15 male teens report physical violence.

• •1 in 11 female teens report physical dating violence
• •1 in 15 male teens report physical dating violence
• •Critical for understanding scope of youth relationship abuse

National Domestic Violence Hotline

The Hotline

Primary US domestic violence resource providing crisis intervention, safety planning, and educational materials. Definitive resource for identifying abuse types including gaslighting, financial abuse, and digital abuse.

• •1-800-799-7233 (24/7 phone)
• •Text START to 88788
• •200+ languages via interpreter

Love Is Respect

Love Is Respect

Specialized teen dating violence resource providing age-appropriate education on healthy relationships, warning signs, and crisis support.

• •Text LOVEIS to 22522
• •Call 1-866-331-9474
• •Teen-specific support

Partnership Against Domestic Violence

PADV

Demonstrates critical importance of early intervention in teen relationships and the fatal progression of domestic violence when unaddressed.

• •Most DV murder victims began relationship with abuser between ages 13-24

One Love Foundation

One Love

Leading active non-profit for teen relationship health education. Empowering youth to build healthy relationships and recognize unhealthy behaviors. (Note: Replaces Break the Cycle which ceased independent operations)

Women's Aid

Women's Aid UK

UK's leading domestic abuse charity providing specialized resources for British context including coercive control legislation information.

• •0808 2000 247 (24/7 helpline)

1800 RESPECT

1800 RESPECT

Australia's national sexual assault, domestic and family violence counseling service. Critical resource with culturally appropriate support.

• •1800 737 732 (24/7)
• •170+ languages via interpreter

Coercive Control Information

Attorney-General's Department Australia

Government recognition of coercive control as distinct form of domestic violence. Official legal definition and framework for understanding micro-managing behavior patterns.

988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

988 Lifeline

Primary US suicide prevention resource. Data demonstrates millions of Americans seeking crisis support annually. Call or text 988.

• •Call or text 988 (24/7)
• •1.6% of US population used services (2022-2024)

Crisis Text Line

Crisis Text Line

Free crisis support via text message, particularly important for youth who prefer texting over phone calls. Provides "Crisis Trends" data showing real-time topics and keywords used by texters in distress.

• •Text HOME to 741741 (24/7)
• •Spanish: Text HOLA to 741741

The Trevor Project

The Trevor Project

Specialized crisis support for LGBTQ+ youth who experience significantly higher suicide rates than heterosexual peers. Publishes specific data on LGBTQ+ youth mental health and suicide risk factors.

• •1-866-488-7386 (phone)
• •Text START to 678-678
• •Under 25 years focus

Suicide Prevention Resources

National Institute of Mental Health

Government health institute providing evidence-based suicide prevention guidelines. Essential reference for crisis detection pattern development.

Teen Suicide Warning Signs

Child Mind Institute

Clinical research on how teenagers specifically express suicidal ideation, often through indirect or coded language.

Befrienders Worldwide

Befrienders

Global network of suicide prevention centers providing local resources in multiple countries and languages.

International Association for Suicide Prevention

IASP

Directory of crisis centers worldwide, essential for international suicide prevention resource access.

ML-Based Suicide Detection Study

MDPI

Application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Detecting and Preventing Suicide Ideation in Social Media: A Systematic Review. Machine learning research demonstrating high accuracy in detecting suicide risk patterns in digital communication. Validates AI-based detection approaches.

• •85-90% accuracy in ML studies
• •Deep learning approaches
• •Social media analysis

NLP for Suicide Prevention (Review)

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Comprehensive review of how Natural Language Processing is used to detect suicide risk. Peer-reviewed research showing high accuracy in identifying immediate suicide risk through linguistic patterns.

• •Comprehensive NLP review
• •Leading digital health journal
• •Linguistic pattern analysis

GPT-3 Suicide Risk Assessment

Florida International University

Demonstrates large language models' capability for psychological risk assessment. Validates GenLingo's hybrid local+cloud AI architecture approach.

• •95% accuracy in risk assessment
• •Dr. Esmaeilzadeh research
• •Published in AI and Ethics

LLM Limitations in Implicit Ideation Detection

ArXiv

Highlights gap in current AI systems - difficulty detecting metaphorical, abstract, or coded crisis language. GenLingo addresses this through comprehensive pattern-based detection combined with AI.

• •LLMs fail at subtle ideation detection
• •February 2025 publication

Linguistic Features of Suicide Notes

Forensic Linguistics Research

Peer-reviewed study analyzing distinct word choices (absolute terms, negative emotion) in genuine suicide notes. Language pattern analysis informs crisis detection. The characteristics of linguistic features enfolded in suicide notes.

• •Corpus-based analysis
• •Absolute terms & negative emotion
• •Linguistic markers identified

Suicide Notes Predictive Model

Forensic Psychiatry Research

High-impact forensic linguistics study on authentic suicide communication patterns. Identifies predictive linguistic markers in crisis communications.

• •Predictive modeling
• •Forensic linguistics
• •Pattern validation

LIWC Computational Text Analysis

Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count

Computational text analysis identifying psychological states through language patterns. Validates word category analysis approach.

• •Negative emotions: 3.23x higher in high-risk
• •Death words: 4.35x higher
• •Future tense: 2.86x higher

Gen Z Profanity Usage Statistics

Youth Communication Research

Documents high prevalence of profanity in authentic teen communication. Critical for GenLingo understanding real messages (not sanitized versions). "Profanity: An Indispensable Component in English Language" study.

• •High prevalence in teen messaging
• •Authentic vs sanitized communication
• •Youth language patterns

FMyLife Historical Language Evolution

Internet Slang Research

Documents historical evolution of internet slang and generational language markers. FML represents Gen Y/Millennial frustration expression.

• •Launched 2008
• •Peak usage 2008-2012

Gen Z vs Gen Y Emoji Interpretation Gap

Generational Communication Research

Demonstrates crucial generational differences in emoji meaning. Same emoji can signal authentic emotion vs ironic/cringe usage. Core problem GenLingo solves. "Emoji Interpretation: A Generational Inquiry" study.

• •💀 = dying laughing (Gen Z)
• •😂 = cringe/trying too hard (Gen Z)
• •✨ = emphasis (Gen Z)

Suicide Algospeak & Filter Evasion

Content Moderation Research

Gen Z creates coded language to bypass social media content moderation. Traditional keyword filters miss these terms, requiring comprehensive algospeak detection like GenLingo provides. Washington Post investigative report on TikTok language evasion.

• •"unalive" = suicide/death
• •"sewerslide" = phonetic suicide
• •"toaster bath" = electrocution method

DEA Drug Emoji Identification Guide

US Drug Enforcement Administration

Federal law enforcement confirmation of coded emoji communication for illegal activities. Complete guide to 45 verified drug emoji codes. GenLingo's crisis detection system incorporates all DEA-verified codes.

• •45 verified emoji drug codes
• •Cannabis, cocaine, fentanyl codes
• •Prescription drug symbols

Emergency Services

Australia

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •000 (24/7)

Lifeline Australia

Lifeline

Australia's primary crisis support and suicide prevention service, providing culturally appropriate counseling.

• •13 11 14 (phone)
• •0477 13 11 14 (SMS)
• •170+ languages

Beyond Blue

Beyond Blue

Australian mental health organization providing specialized support for depression, anxiety, and suicide prevention.

• •1300 22 4636 (24/7)

Kids Helpline

Kids Helpline

Australia's only free, confidential 24/7 counseling service specifically for children and young people aged 5-25.

• •1800 55 1800 (24/7)
• •Ages 5-25

1800 RESPECT

1800 RESPECT

National counseling service for domestic, family and sexual violence with comprehensive interpreter services.

• •1800 737 732 (24/7)
• •170+ languages

QLife

QLife

Specialized service for LGBTQ+ Australians providing culturally competent crisis support.

• •1800 184 527
• •3pm-midnight daily

Emergency Services

United States

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •911 (24/7)

988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

988 Lifeline

Nationwide mental health crisis line. Easy-to-remember three-digit number similar to 911.

• •988 (call or text)
• •250+ languages

Crisis Text Line

Crisis Text Line

First national crisis intervention service via text message, critical for youth who prefer texting.

• •Text HOME to 741741
• •Spanish: HOLA to 741741

The Trevor Project

The Trevor Project

Leading organization providing crisis intervention for LGBTQ+ young people under 25.

• •1-866-488-7386
• •Text START to 678-678

National Domestic Violence Hotline

The Hotline

Primary US domestic violence resource providing confidential support 24/7.

• •1-800-799-7233
• •Text START to 88788

Veterans Crisis Line

VA

Specialized crisis support for military veterans and their families.

• •988 then Press 1
• •Text 838255

SAMHSA National Helpline

SAMHSA

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration helpline providing free treatment referrals.

• •1-800-662-4357 (24/7)

Emergency Services

United Kingdom

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •999 (24/7)

Samaritans

Samaritans

UK and Ireland's leading suicide prevention charity, answering calls for help 24/7.

• •116 123 (24/7)
• •English, Welsh

SHOUT

SHOUT

UK's first free 24/7 text messaging support service for mental health crises.

• •Text SHOUT to 85258 (24/7)

Childline

NSPCC

NSPCC service providing confidential counseling for children and young people under 19 in UK.

• •0800 1111 (24/7)
• •Under 19 years

National Domestic Abuse Helpline

Refuge

Run by Refuge, providing specialist domestic abuse support across UK.

• •0808 2000 247 (24/7)

Switchboard LGBT+ Helpline

Switchboard

Information, support and referral service for LGBT+ community in UK.

• •0300 330 0630
• •10am-10pm daily

Emergency Services

Canada

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •911 (24/7)

988 Suicide Crisis Helpline

988 Canada

Canada's new three-digit suicide prevention hotline launched 2023, providing bilingual crisis support nationwide.

• •988 (call or text)
• •English, French

Crisis Services Canada

Crisis Services Canada

Network providing emotional support to Canadians in all provinces and territories.

• •1-833-456-4566
• •Text 45645
• •English, French

Kids Help Phone

Kids Help Phone

Canada's only 24/7 national service offering professional counseling for young people under 30.

• •1-800-668-6868
• •Text CONNECT to 686868
• •Under 30 years

Trans Lifeline Canada

Trans Lifeline

Peer support hotline run entirely by transgender people for the transgender community.

• •1-877-330-6366
• •10am-4am EST

Emergency Services

New Zealand

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •111 (24/7)

1737

1737

NZ's free call or text number for mental health support, easy to remember single number.

• •1737 (call or text)
• •24/7

Lifeline Aotearoa

Lifeline

Support for anyone in distress or despair in New Zealand.

• •0800 543 354 (24/7)

Youthline

Youthline

Specialist youth mental health and wellbeing service for under 25 in NZ.

• •0800 376 633
• •Text 234
• •Under 25 years

Shine (Domestic Abuse Helpline)

Shine

Provides specialist support for domestic abuse in New Zealand.

• •0508 744 633 (24/7 phone)
• •9am-11pm text

OUTLine NZ

OUTLine

Nationwide support service for rainbow communities across New Zealand.

• •0800 688 5463
• •6pm-9pm daily

Emergency Services

Ireland

Police, Ambulance, Fire services available 24/7 nationwide.

• •999 or 112 (24/7)

Samaritans Ireland

Samaritans

Confidential emotional support for anyone struggling to cope in Ireland.

• •116 123 (24/7)
• •English, Irish

Pieta House

Pieta

Free therapy for people who are in suicidal distress and those who engage in self-harm in Ireland.

• •1800 247 247
• •Text HELP to 51444

Childline Ireland

ISPCC

ISPCC service providing support for children and young people under 18 in Ireland.

• •1800 66 66 66 (24/7)
• •Under 18 years

Women's Aid Ireland

Women's Aid

National freephone helpline for women experiencing domestic abuse in Ireland.

• •1800 341 900 (24/7)

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)

US Department of Education

Federal law protecting privacy of student education records. Any educational technology handling student data must comply with FERPA. GenLingo's local-first processing architecture designed specifically for FERPA compliance.

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

European Commission

World's strictest data protection framework. Special protections for children under 16. GenLingo's on-device processing eliminates most GDPR compliance concerns by never collecting sensitive youth data in cloud.

• •Children under 16 protections
• •Up to €20M penalties
• •Right to erasure

UK GDPR & ICO

Information Commissioner's Office

UK data protection authority enforcing UK GDPR. Provides guidelines for educational institutions and youth-serving organizations.

Australian Privacy Principles (APPs)

Office of the Australian Information Commissioner

Federal privacy framework. Youth services data classified as "sensitive information" requiring enhanced protections.

PIPEDA & Provincial Privacy Laws

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada

Federal privacy law with stricter provincial variations in BC, Alberta, Quebec.

Forensic Linguistics: Suicide Notes Study

Forensic Psychiatry Research

High-impact study on authentic suicide communication patterns. Academic validation of pattern-based detection approaches using forensic linguistic analysis.

• •Predictive modeling
• •Linguistic markers validated
• •Pattern-based detection

Cross-Cultural Communication Studies

Pew Research Center

Same emoji symbols carry different meanings across generational cohorts. Demonstrates necessity of generational context in digital communication interpretation. "Teens, Social Media and Technology 2023" report.

Online Teen Dating Violence Research

George Mason University

Academic research on how dating violence manifests in digital communication among teenagers. Dr. Daphne King research on "10 Warning Signs" and digital abuse patterns.

Partner Violence Research

Journal of Adolescent Health

Top-tier peer-reviewed journal for teen violence statistics and adolescent health research. Leading source for understanding youth relationship abuse dynamics, both psychological and physical.

Psychological Abuse in Relationships Scale

Psychological Research

Measurement tool for identifying and quantifying emotional abuse patterns, informing GenLingo's manipulation tactic detection. Research on coercive control and psychological abuse assessment. PARS (Psychological Abuse in Relationships Scale) validation study.

Written Goodbyes Corpus (1902-2023)

Forensic Linguistics

Historical linguistic analysis of authentic suicide notes showing consistency of farewell patterns, settlement language, and burden expressions across over a century of data. Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology.

• •Historical corpus analysis
• •121 years of data (1902-2023)
• •Consistent pattern validation